Question 1: What is pH?
The pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.
Question 2: What is pH Range?
The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base. pH is really a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water.
Question 3: What is 5-point pH calibration?
The five-point calibration in the pH meter is done by using standard buffers of pH 1.68, 5.01/5.00, 7.00/7.01,10.00/10.01 and 12.45. pH electrode must be dipped into the calibration buffer.
Question 4: What is Solubility?
Solubility indicates the upper concentration a compound reaches in a solution. Solubility is a very important property in drug discovery and development, because concentration affects so many aspects of pharmacology
Question 5: What is thin layer chromatography?
Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is one of the simplest chromatographic techniques used for the separation and identification of compounds. This is also used to monitor the progress of chemical reaction at every step. We can also check the purity of synthesized compounds at very short time span.
Question 6: Definition of Normality?
The normality definition is the number of equivalents of a solute divided by the volume of the solution in liters. Normality is also known as equivalent concentration. An equivalent is how much of the solute will react with a set amount (usually one mole) of another reactant.
Question 7: Definition of Molarity?
Molarity (M) is the amount of a substance in a certain volume of solution. Molarity is defined as the moles of a solute per liters of a solution. Molarity is also known as the molar concentration of a solution
Question 8: What is Karl Fischer titration?
Karl Fischer titration is an analytical method used to determine the water (moisture) content in a sample. Water reacts quantitatively with iodine, sulfur dioxide, a base, and an alcohol in the Karl Fischer reagent. The amount of iodine consumed is proportional to the amount of water present
Question 9: What is LOD?
Loss on drying (LOD) is determined by heating the sample below its melting point in an oven and it includes all volatile matter including water content and solvents.
Question 10: What is principle of UV Spectrophotometer?
The principle of a spectrophotometer is based on the Beer-Lambert Law, which describes the relationship between the absorbance of light by a sample and the concentration of the absorbing substance. When light passes through a sample, some wavelengths are absorbed by the material, while others pass through.
Question 11: What is the range of UV visible spectroscopy?
400–800 nm
Question 12: What is the range of Ultraviolet spectroscopy?
200–400 nm
Question 13: What are the 4 shifts in UV spectroscopy?
The are 4 shifts in UV spectroscopy, specifically absorption shifts due to changes in chemical structure. It outlines bathochromic (red shift), hypsochromic (blue shift), hyperchromic (increase in intensity), and hypochromic (decrease in intensity)shifts, providing examples for each type.
Question 14: What is the range of UV visible spectroscopy?
400–800 nm
Question 15: What is HPLC?
HPLC is used to separate, identify, and quantify compounds in a mixture that are dissolved in a solution. An HPLC separation involves the injection of a small volume of liquid sample into an HPLC column packed with particles (typically 3 to 5 microns in diameter) called the stationary phase. Individual components of the sample flow through the HPLC column with a liquid (mobile phase) under high pressure delivered by an HPLC pump.
Typical flow rates of the liquid mobile phase used for routine analysis in QC and QA laboratories are 1–2 mL/min.
Question 16: What is SOP?
SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) is a written document that provides step-by-step instructions to perform a specific activity consistently.
Question 17: What is Stability Testing?
Stability testing determines how the quality of a drug product changes over time under different environmental conditions like temperature and humidity.
Question 19: What is Validation?
Validation is documented evidence that a process, method or system consistently produces results meeting predetermined requirements.
Question 19: What is API?
API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) is the active component of a medicine responsible for producing the therapeutic effect.
Example: Paracetamol in a paracetamol tablet
Question 20: What is SOP?
SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) is a written document that provides step-by-step instructions to perform a specific activity consistently.
